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Blasphemous Basement

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"To make predictions for an eternally inflating multiverse
One must adopt a procedure for regulating its divergent spacetime volume
Recently, a new test of such spacetime measures has emerged: normal observers
Who evolve in pocket universes cooling from hot big bang conditions
Must not be vastly outnumbered by Boltzmann brains
Freak observers that pop in and out of existence as a result of rare quantum fluctuations
If the Boltzmann brains prevail, then a randomly chosen observer
Would be overwhelmingly likely to be surrounded by an empty world
Where all but vacuum energy has redshifted away
Rather than the rich structure that we observe

Using the scale-factor cutoff measure
We calculate the ratio of Boltzmann brains to normal observers
We find the ratio to be finite, and give an expression
For it in terms of Boltzmann brain nucleation rates and vacuum decay rates
We discuss the conditions that these rates must obey for the ratio to be acceptable
And we discuss estimates of the rates under a variety of assumptions." - Andrea De Simone, Alan H. Guth, Andrei Linde, Mahdiyar Noorbala, Michael P. Salem, Alexander Vilenkin, 'Boltzmann brains and the scale-factor cutoff measure of the multiverse' (2010)

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