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A sine wave, sinusoidal wave, or sinusoid, Symbol: ∿, is a periodic wave whose waveform (shape) is the trigonometric sine function. As a physical motion over time, this is simple harmonic motion, the one-dimensional projection of uniform circular motion. When any two sine waves of the same frequency (but arbitrary phase) are linearly combined, the result is another sine wave of the same frequency; this property is unique among periodic waves. Conversely, if some phase is chosen as a zero reference, a sine wave of arbitrary phase can be written as the linear combination of two sine waves with phases of zero and a quarter cycle, the sine and cosine components, respectively. (In this context it can be helpful to call waves of arbitrary phase sinusoids, to avoid confusion.) Sine waves occur often in physics (including wind waves, sound waves, and light waves), engineering, signal processing and many other fields. Fourier analysis decomposes general functions into a sum of sine waves of various frequencies.
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