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Deoxyribonucleic acid ( (listen); DNA) is a molecule composed of two chains that coil around each other to form a double helix carrying the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses. DNA and ribonucleic acid (RNA) are nucleic acids; alongside proteins, lipids and complex carbohydrates (polysaccharides), nucleic acids are one of the four major types of macromolecules that are essential for all known forms of life. The two DNA strands are also known as polynucleotides as they are composed of simpler monomeric units called nucleotides. Each nucleotide is composed of one of four nitrogen-containing nucleobases (cytosine [C], guanine [G], adenine [A] or thymine [T]), a sugar called deoxyribose, and a phosphate group. The nucleotides are joined to one another in a chain by covalent bonds between the sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate of the next, resulting in an alternating sugar-phosphate backbone. The nitrogenous bases of the two separate polynucleotide strands are bound together, according to base pairing rules (A with T and C with G), with hydrogen bonds to make double-stranded DNA. The complementary nitrogenous bases are divided into two groups, pyrimidines and purines. In DNA, the pyrimidines are thymine and cytosine; the purines are adenine and guanine. Both strands of double-stranded DNA store the same biological information. This information is replicated as and when the two strands separate. A large part of DNA (more than 98% for humans) is non-coding, meaning that these sections do not serve as patterns for protein sequences. The two strands of DNA run in opposite directions to each other and are thus antiparallel. Attached to each sugar is one of four types of nucleobases (informally, bases). It is the sequence of these four nucleobases along the backbone that encodes genetic information. RNA strands are created using DNA strands as a template in a process called transcription. Under the genetic code, these RNA strands specify the sequence of amino acids within proteins in a process called translation. Within eukaryotic cells, DNA is organized into long structures called chromosomes. Before typical cell division, these chromosomes are duplicated in the process of DNA replication, providing a complete set of chromosomes for each daughter cell. Eukaryotic organisms (animals, plants, fungi and protists) store most of their DNA inside the cell nucleus and some in organelles, such as mitochondria or chloroplasts. In contrast, prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) store their DNA only in the cytoplasm. Within eukaryotic chromosomes, chromatin proteins, such as histones, compact and organize DNA. These compact structures guide the interactions between DNA and other proteins, helping control which parts of the DNA are transcribed. DNA was first isolated by Friedrich Miescher in 1869. Its molecular structure was first identified by James Watson and Francis Crick at the Cavendish Laboratory within the University of Cambridge in 1953, whose model-building efforts were guided by X-ray diffraction data acquired by Raymond Gosling, who was a post-graduate student of Rosalind Franklin. DNA is used by researchers as a molecular tool to explore physical laws and theories, such as the ergodic theorem and the theory of elasticity. The unique material properties of DNA have made it an attractive molecule for material scientists and engineers interested in micro- and nano-fabrication. Among notable advances in this field are DNA origami and DNA-based hybrid materials.

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Albums by DNASort:By AlbumA - Z


SongAlbumDuration
Can You Handle ItTotally 90's Dance
2000
3:46
Can You Handle ItMillennium Box Set
1999
5:37
InfinityPerception, Vol. 5: Compiled By Injection
2012
7:20
Rusted PipeTom's Album
1991
4:52
Tom's DinerRetrospective: Dance Club Hits
2015
 
Tom's DinerTom's Album
1991
3:49
Tom's DinerIn the Mix, Vol. 82:17
Tom's DinerFloorfillers: '90s Club Classics
2010
3:50
Tom's DinerUniversal Presenta...Clásicas De Los 90´S
2012
3:49
Tom's DinerRrrrrock
2008
3:49
Tom's DinerMTV Party to Go, Vol. 1
1991
5:08
Tom's DinerClassic Mum
2017
3:48
Tom's Diner100 Essential Hits, Vol. 2
2010
3:47
Tom's DinerRetrospective: The Best of Suzanne Vega
2003
3:49
Tom's Diner100 Essential Hits: Woman
2011
3:49
Tom's DinerUltramix
2000
3:49
Tom's DinerTrue Nineties
2006
3:47
Tom's DinerTotal 90s
2010
3:48
Tom's DinerSuch a Good Feeling
2013
3:47
Tom's DinerGrandmix 90's Edition, Vol. 2 
Tom's DinerRenaissance: The Classics, Vol. 2
2006
3:18
Tom's DinerBody by Jake: '90s Throwback Tune-Up-Biking, Hiking, Climbing, Walking, Lifting [BPM 93:49
Tom's DinerHard to Find 45s on CD, Vol. 16: More 80s
2016
3:48
Tom's DinerHearts of Gold: The Pop Collection
1990
 
Tom's DinerClassic 90's
2004
3:49
Tom's DinerClub Fever: Late 80's-Early 90's Club Hits
2004
 
Tom's DinerPump up the Volume-Classic Club Sounds 
Tom's DinerRetrospective: The Best of Suzanne Vega [2-CD/DVD]
2003
3:49
Tom's DinerOriginal 90's Dance Selection
2006
3:44
Tom's DinerDivas [X-Media]
2005
3:51
Tom's DinerUltra Mix: Dance Hits of the 80s and 90s
2004
3:49
Tom's DinerMuch Dance 90s
2003
 
Tom's DinerRetrospective: The Best of Suzanne Vega [UK Bonus CD]
2003
3:49
Tom's DinerSongbirds [WEA International]
2003
3:47
Tom's DinerThe Best of Suzanne Vega: Tried and True
1999
3:49
Tom's DinerWomen & Songs [WEA]
1998
3:50
Tom's DinerJam Harder
1990
 
Tom's Diner (DNA Mix)100 Hits: Girls Night
2008
3:49
Tom's Diner [12"A]Tom's Diner [Germany]
1991
5:27
Tom's Diner [7" Version]Woman: The Collection 2008
2008
3:50
Tom's Diner [7"A]Tom's Diner [Germany]
1991
3:51
Tom's Diner [Acappella]Tom's Diner [Germany]
1991
2:11
Tom's Diner [DNA Featuring Suzanne Vega]The Best of Suzanne Vega: Tried and True
1999
3:50
Tom's dinerTop 50: Le Best Of
2016
 
Tom's dinerTop 50: 30 Ans (100 Tubes), Vol. 2
2015
 
Y AhoraUnknown Album5:17

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