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Deoxyribonucleic acid ( (listen); DNA) is a molecule composed of two chains that coil around each other to form a double helix carrying the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses. DNA and ribonucleic acid (RNA) are nucleic acids; alongside proteins, lipids and complex carbohydrates (polysaccharides), nucleic acids are one of the four major types of macromolecules that are essential for all known forms of life. The two DNA strands are also known as polynucleotides as they are composed of simpler monomeric units called nucleotides. Each nucleotide is composed of one of four nitrogen-containing nucleobases (cytosine [C], guanine [G], adenine [A] or thymine [T]), a sugar called deoxyribose, and a phosphate group. The nucleotides are joined to one another in a chain by covalent bonds between the sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate of the next, resulting in an alternating sugar-phosphate backbone. The nitrogenous bases of the two separate polynucleotide strands are bound together, according to base pairing rules (A with T and C with G), with hydrogen bonds to make double-stranded DNA. The complementary nitrogenous bases are divided into two groups, pyrimidines and purines. In DNA, the pyrimidines are thymine and cytosine; the purines are adenine and guanine. Both strands of double-stranded DNA store the same biological information. This information is replicated as and when the two strands separate. A large part of DNA (more than 98% for humans) is non-coding, meaning that these sections do not serve as patterns for protein sequences. The two strands of DNA run in opposite directions to each other and are thus antiparallel. Attached to each sugar is one of four types of nucleobases (informally, bases). It is the sequence of these four nucleobases along the backbone that encodes genetic information. RNA strands are created using DNA strands as a template in a process called transcription. Under the genetic code, these RNA strands specify the sequence of amino acids within proteins in a process called translation. Within eukaryotic cells, DNA is organized into long structures called chromosomes. Before typical cell division, these chromosomes are duplicated in the process of DNA replication, providing a complete set of chromosomes for each daughter cell. Eukaryotic organisms (animals, plants, fungi and protists) store most of their DNA inside the cell nucleus and some in organelles, such as mitochondria or chloroplasts. In contrast, prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) store their DNA only in the cytoplasm. Within eukaryotic chromosomes, chromatin proteins, such as histones, compact and organize DNA. These compact structures guide the interactions between DNA and other proteins, helping control which parts of the DNA are transcribed. DNA was first isolated by Friedrich Miescher in 1869. Its molecular structure was first identified by James Watson and Francis Crick at the Cavendish Laboratory within the University of Cambridge in 1953, whose model-building efforts were guided by X-ray diffraction data acquired by Raymond Gosling, who was a post-graduate student of Rosalind Franklin. DNA is used by researchers as a molecular tool to explore physical laws and theories, such as the ergodic theorem and the theory of elasticity. The unique material properties of DNA have made it an attractive molecule for material scientists and engineers interested in micro- and nano-fabrication. Among notable advances in this field are DNA origami and DNA-based hybrid materials.
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Albums by DNASort:By AlbumA - Z
Classic Mum [2017]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Tom's Diner | 3:48 |
Hard to Find 45s on CD, Vol. 16: More 80s [2016]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Tom's Diner | 3:48 |
Top 50: Le Best Of [2016]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Tom's diner |
Retrospective: Dance Club Hits [2015]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Tom's Diner |
Top 50: 30 Ans (100 Tubes), Vol. 2 [2015]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Tom's diner |
Such a Good Feeling [2013]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Tom's Diner | 3:47 |
Perception, Vol. 5: Compiled By Injection [2012]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Infinity | 7:20 |
Universal Presenta...Clásicas De Los 90´S [2012]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Tom's Diner | 3:49 |
100 Essential Hits: Woman [2011]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Tom's Diner | 3:49 |
100 Essential Hits, Vol. 2 [2010]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Tom's Diner | 3:47 |
Floorfillers: '90s Club Classics [2010]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Tom's Diner | 3:50 |
Total 90s [2010]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Tom's Diner | 3:48 |
100 Hits: Girls Night [2008]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Tom's Diner (DNA Mix) | 3:49 |
Rrrrrock [2008]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Tom's Diner | 3:49 |
Woman: The Collection 2008 [2008]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Tom's Diner [7" Version] | 3:50 |
Original 90's Dance Selection [2006]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Tom's Diner | 3:44 |
Renaissance: The Classics, Vol. 2 [2006]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Tom's Diner | 3:18 |
True Nineties [2006]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Tom's Diner | 3:47 |
Divas [X-Media] [2005]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Tom's Diner | 3:51 |
Classic 90's [2004]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Tom's Diner | 3:49 |
Club Fever: Late 80's-Early 90's Club Hits [2004]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Tom's Diner |
Ultra Mix: Dance Hits of the 80s and 90s [2004]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Tom's Diner | 3:49 |
Much Dance 90s [2003]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Tom's Diner |
Retrospective: The Best of Suzanne Vega [2003]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Tom's Diner | 3:49 |
Retrospective: The Best of Suzanne Vega [2-CD/DVD] [2003]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Tom's Diner | 3:49 |
Retrospective: The Best of Suzanne Vega [UK Bonus CD] [2003]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Tom's Diner | 3:49 |
Songbirds [WEA International] [2003]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Tom's Diner | 3:47 |
Totally 90's Dance [2000]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Can You Handle It | 3:46 |
Ultramix [2000]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Tom's Diner | 3:49 |
Millennium Box Set [1999]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Can You Handle It | 5:37 |
The Best of Suzanne Vega: Tried and True [1999]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Tom's Diner [DNA Featuring Suzanne Vega] | 3:50 |
Tom's Diner | 3:49 |
Women & Songs [WEA] [1998]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Tom's Diner | 3:50 |
MTV Party to Go, Vol. 1 [1991]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Tom's Diner | 5:08 |
Tom's Album [1991]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Rusted Pipe | 4:52 |
Tom's Diner | 3:49 |
Tom's Diner [Germany] [1991]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Tom's Diner [7"A] | 3:51 |
Tom's Diner [Acappella] | 2:11 |
Tom's Diner [12"A] | 5:27 |
Hearts of Gold: The Pop Collection [1990]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Tom's Diner |
Jam Harder [1990]
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Tom's Diner |
Body by Jake: '90s Throwback Tune-Up-Biking, Hiking, Climbing, Walking, Lifting [BPM 9
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Tom's Diner | 3:49 |
Grandmix 90's Edition, Vol. 2
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Tom's Diner |
In the Mix, Vol. 8
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Tom's Diner | 2:17 |
Unknown Album
Song | Duration |
---|---|
Y Ahora | 5:17 |
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